The law has an enforcement mechanism with real teeth. If an under-16 user’s account still has those features switched on, platforms must delete the account.
Platforms are also required to implement age verification measures for users under 16. The goal is to keep younger users away from the restricted features in the first place.
Then there’s the money. AB 1709 imposes civil penalties of up to $50,000 per minor affected for knowing violations.
Governor Gavin Newsom signed the bill into law on September 10, 2026. It was authored by Assemblymember Josh Lowenthal, a Democrat from Long Beach, and received broad legislative support.
Three lawsuits, three courtrooms
The companies didn’t team up on a single complaint. Instead, they filed separate federal lawsuits on November 4 and 5, 2026, spread across three California federal districts.
Meta filed in the Northern District. Google, whose YouTube platform falls squarely within the law’s crosshairs, filed in San Jose. TikTok went to the Central District.
The legal arguments rest on two pillars. The first is the First Amendment, with the companies arguing that how they curate and recommend content is protected editorial discretion.
The second pillar is federal preemption. The companies argue AB 1709 conflicts with Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the federal law that has long shaped how online platforms are treated in court.
The companies are also making a philosophical argument. They contend the state is substituting government controls for parental judgment, and that the law overrides parental consent tools that already exist.
California isn’t backing down
Bonta’s office is reviewing the complaints. It has also signaled it remains committed to enforcing the law.
The latest lawsuits also land just months after a significant financial reckoning for Meta. In August 2026, the company reached a $17 billion multistate settlement over similar concerns about compulsive platform use by minors.
What this means for platforms, parents and regulators
The immediate question is timing. With the law set to take effect on January 1, 2027, the companies need courts to move quickly if they want enforcement paused before the deadline.
If no court intervenes in time, the platforms face a choice. They can comply with features they argue are unconstitutional, or risk penalties of up to $50,000 per affected minor.
The age verification requirement adds another layer of friction. Verifying users’ ages at scale raises its own set of operational and privacy questions, which platforms will have to work through if the law survives.
That distinction matters legally. Targeting how content is delivered, through autoplay and algorithmic feeds, is a different approach than targeting what the content says, and the courts will now have to decide whether that difference holds up against First Amendment claims.
